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Laser technology is known as the sharpest knife, the most precise ruler and the brightest light. After entering the 20th century, this technology combined with advanced equipment promoted the development of manufacturing industry. The laser cutting machine emits a high-power-density laser beam through the laser to irradiate the material to be cut, so that the material is rapidly heated, vaporized and evaporated to form holes. As the high-power density laser beam moves on the material, the holes continuously form linear slits, thereby realizing the cutting of the material. Laser cutting is suitable for all fusible materials such as metals.
As a precision processing method, laser cutting can cut almost all materials. Laser cutting has high efficiency, high energy density and softness. In terms of precision, speed and efficiency, it is the best choice for the sheet metal cutting industry. Sheet metal processing accounts for one-third of the world’s metal processing, and it is widely used in almost all walks of life. Laser cutting technology is becoming a core technology for manufacturers. In a sense, laser cutting machines have brought a technological revolution to sheet metal processing. Compared with traditional cutting methods, laser cutting is easier to understand and learn, and has absolute advantages in the processing effect and speed required by enterprises. Therefore, it is believed that laser cutting machines will be the general trend of future cutting method selection.
Several common materials and cutting techniques of high speed laser cutting machine :
Stainless steel
Stainless steel has the characteristics of high hardness, rust resistance and corrosion resistance. It has a wide range of applications, and the processing requirements for stainless steel are also different. The processing of stainless steel by laser cutting machine greatly improves the processing accuracy and quality, saves the secondary processing time, has less waste and high utilization rate. In theory, a 40,000w high-power laser cutting machine can cut 200mm stainless steel. But it is not recommended for long-term mass production, which is not conducive to the sustainable use of laser cutting machines.
Stainless steel laser cutting generally uses nitrogen gas, which can effectively avoid yellow scorch marks on the surface of the cut stainless steel. In addition, when cutting a circle, the diameter of the effective cutting circle of stainless steel is 1-1.2 times the thickness of the plate.
carbon steel
For some plates that are traditionally difficult to cut or have low cutting quality, laser cutting machines can easily solve them, especially for some carbon steel plates, compared with stainless steel, laser cutting machines can do more. In theory, a 30000w high-power laser cutting machine can cut 100mm thick carbon steel. Although not recommended for mass production, carbon steels of 70mm and below can be easily cut.
When cutting carbon steel, nitrogen-assisted cutting is generally used for 1mm and below, and oxygen-assisted cutting is used for more than 1mm, which is more efficient. In addition, it should be noted that the minimum circle diameter for cutting carbon steel is 1.5 times the thickness of the plate.
Copper and aluminum
Copper and aluminum are high-reflective materials, especially red copper. Due to some of their own characteristics (high reflectivity), laser cutting is not easy to process. If there is a need for mass cutting, IPG laser heads can be given priority, which can cut high-reflective materials. It has obvious advantages when compared with other laser cutting heads. Of course, although the IPG laser head has its own protection mechanism and will not cause loss to the laser, it is still not recommended to cut high-reflective materials for a long time. Or when you have to cut, you must consider the power loss of the laser.
Analysis of solutions to problems often encountered by laser cutting machines in the actual cutting process:
1. There is no response after booting
This problem is usually caused by the output and input of the power supply. You can check the power supply for troubleshooting; power failures are usually caused by a blown fuse tube or a problem with the power switch, which requires better, higher quality power fuse tubes and control switches.
2. After running for a period of time, the output light is very weak
In this case, first check to see if the focal length has changed. If not, check whether the focusing lens on the machine is contaminated; whether the optical path system is accidentally deviated; the most important thing is to check whether the water circulation is flowing. Only when the water circulation is smooth, the heat of the laser cutting machine can be dissipated as much as possible, the energy conversion of the laser equipment can be improved, and finally the light source can be focused.
3. Abnormal sparks often appear when cutting thin carbon steel
When laser cutting thin carbon steel, typically the sparks are long and flat with very few prongs. However, abnormal sparks will affect the smoothness of the cutting surface and the processing quality of the workpiece. At this time, when other parameters are normal, the loss of the nozzle of the laser head should be considered. If there is a problem, the nozzle should be replaced in time. If not replaced with a new nozzle, the cutting gas pressure should be increased. If the thread at the connection between the nozzle and the laser cutting head is loose, stop the laser cutting immediately, check the connection status of the laser cutting head, and reinstall the thread.
4. The deformation of the processed round hole or straight line
If such a failure occurs, it should first be ruled out whether the laser cutting control software is running normally. For example, draw a processing line and observe whether the laser head moves along the line during processing. This basically eliminates the possibility of software issues. At the same time, this step can also find abnormal problems of mechanical structure loosening. After excluding the possibility of software and machinery, we should think about whether the laser energy is too high, which causes the non-processing area to be affected.
Observe whether the cutting edge of the workpiece is melted. The normal processing edge should be smooth and flat. If this is the case, the laser power or frequency parameters should be appropriately reduced to solve the problem. There is also a relatively uncommon problem that can also be caused by deformation of the focusing lens in the laser head. It can be judged by observing whether the beam emitted by the laser head is concentrated or not.
5. The workpiece often has burrs
First of all, consider the factors that cause burrs in the cutting operation, and you should not blindly increase the cutting speed, because in the actual cutting process, blindly increasing the cutting speed will easily lead to the impenetrability of the plate, which is especially prominent in the processing of galvanized plates. At this time, other factors of the machine tool should be considered comprehensively to solve the problem, such as whether the nozzle should be replaced, the movement of the guide rail is unstable, etc.
6. The laser is not completely cut
Reasons for this problem: Check whether the choice of laser nozzle matches the thickness of the processed plate, replace the nozzle or process the plate; to check whether the laser cutting line speed is too fast, it is necessary to control and reduce the line speed according to the actual plate condition.
Post time: Aug-05-2023
